Level 3 · Processed
Linwoods Protein Overnight Oats (cocoa and chocolate drops)
What the ingredients show
Ingredients such as sugar or oil added.
How processed is your food? · No Nonsense Fitness
Turn the pack over and read the ingredients list, not the front. If it includes ingredients you would rarely use in a home kitchen, such as flavourings, sweeteners, emulsifiers, thickeners, protein isolates or glucose syrup, the food is likely ultra-processed.
Ultra-processed describes how a food is made, not whether it is healthy. One unfamiliar ingredient is not enough to judge a food.
By Keith O’Beirne · Updated 28 October 2026 · Examples checked 2026-10-13
The quick answer
The Levels on this page follow FoodSussed's own NOVA-informed method, not an official NOVA classification. See eight real Irish products checked this way ↓
What the levels mean
FoodSussed estimates processing from the ingredients and explains the result. Read the level alongside calories, protein, sugar, salt and the rest of the nutrition panel.
Foods changed little beyond steps such as drying, freezing or pasteurising.
Ingredients used in cooking, such as oil, butter, sugar or salt.
Foods made by steps such as preserving or fermenting, or adding salt, sugar or oil.
Foods made with ingredients such as flavourings, sweeteners or emulsifiers.
A higher level does not tell you whether a food is healthy, safe or right for you. FoodSussed's method is informed by NOVA, but it is a separate system.
A protein label does not tell you how processed a food is. Here are eight examples from Irish shops. Check the pack for the current ingredients.
Level 3 · Processed
What the ingredients show
Ingredients such as sugar or oil added.
Level 4 · Ultra-processed
What the ingredients show
Uses a separated milk ingredient; helps oil and water mix and stay mixed; adds flavour.
Level 3 · Processed
What the ingredients show
Ingredients such as sugar or oil added.
Level 4 · Ultra-processed
What the ingredients show
Uses protein separated from its original food; helps oil and water mix and stay mixed; uses sugar ingredients such as glucose syrup; adds flavour.
Level 1 · Minimally processed
What the ingredients show
No ingredients mostly used in factory-made food found.
Level 4 · Ultra-processed
What the ingredients show
Adds flavour; gives the food its thickness; keeps the texture consistent.
Level 4 · Ultra-processed
What the ingredients show
Adds flavour; gives the food its thickness; keeps the texture consistent.
Level 4 · Ultra-processed
What the ingredients show
Adds sweetness with few or no calories; helps oil and water mix and stay mixed; adds flavour; uses a separated milk ingredient; adds bulk to the food; keeps food moist.
Understand the ingredients
FoodSussed uses the European Commission’s approved-additive functions to explain these jobs on a label.
Read the plain-English ingredient library for label names, E-numbers, dated EU sources and the difference between an additive's function and a FoodSussed processing Level.
These names explain what an ingredient does. They are not a reason on their own to avoid a food.
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This page explains eight examples. FoodSussed brings the check to the ingredient list in your hand, with your food diary alongside it.
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The public study · 2026-10-13
What changed since the first study? The 10 October snapshot covered 83 selected Open Food Facts records, with 76 scored Level 4. This 13 October check covers 127 selected products using the sources and selection rules below. It replaces that earlier snapshot as the current study; it is not simply 44 products added to an unchanged sample. The percentages do not measure a change in supermarket food over time.
We checked 127 selected protein products from an October 2026 selection for Irish shoppers, using verified complete declarations or reviewed BasketWatch Level and reason records. The same FoodSussed method scored 121 (95%) as Level 4 (ultra-processed).
Keep the finding in context. This is a selected sample of ingredient declarations, not a random sample or a representative survey of Irish shelves. A processing level is not a health score.
Counts, not market share. Each selected product counts once. FoodSussed rubric 1.4.0; source reads recorded per product; dataset dated 2026-10-13.
| Product type | Checked | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Level 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Protein bars and snacks | 26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26 |
| Protein yoghurts, pots and puddings | 34 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 32 |
| Protein shakes and drinks | 26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26 |
| Protein cereals and oats | 29 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 25 |
| Protein powders | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 |
| All | 127 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 121 |
The ingredients that most often put a product at Level 4, with the number of Level 4 products that list them: flavouring (101), milk ingredient (69), sweetener (67), emulsifier (55), thickener (48). Most Level 4 products list several.
Protein Blend (Calcium Caseinate (MILK), Whey Protein Isolate (MILK)), MILK Chocolate with Sweetener (20%) (Sweetener: Maltitol; Cocoa Butter, Whole MILK Powder, Cocoa Mass, Emulsifier: SOY Lecithin; Natural Flavouring), Bovine Collagen Hydrolysate, Humectant: Glycerol, Sweeteners: Maltitol, Sucralose, Palm Oil, Water, Fat-Reduced Cocoa Powder (3%), WHEAT Flour, WHEAT Starch, Rapeseed Oil, Bulking Agent: Polydextrose, Salt, Emulsifier: SOY Lecithin, Raising Agents: Ammonium Carbonates, Sodium Carbonates, Acidity Regulator: Sodium Hydroxide, Flavouring
Irish retailer evidence: SuperValu Ireland listing.
Skimmed Milk, MILK PROTEIN (7%), Whipping Cream (Milk), Beef Gelatine, Modified Starch, Flavouring, Salt, Thickeners: Carrageenan, Guar Gum; Colours: Sulphite Ammonia Caramel, Carotenes; Lactase, Sweeteners: Acesulfame K, Sucralose. Whipped with nitrogen
Irish retailer evidence: Aldi Ireland listing.
Low Fat Soft Cheese (Milk), Low Fat Yogurt (Milk), STRAWBERRIES (7%), Maize Starch, Flavouring, Carrot Concentrate, Sweeteners: Acesulfame K, Sucralose; Acidity Regulators: Citric Acid, Sodium Citrates; Thickener. Locust Bean Gum.
Irish retailer evidence: Aldi Ireland listing.
Source identity check: Complete English list matches strawberry7%, flavouring, sweeteners, acidity regulators and locust bean gum. Viewed front explicitly says Brooklea Protein Strawberry; OFF brand insidea is a metadata error.
Skimmed MILK, Sugar, Strawberries (2%), Strawberry Juice Concentrate, Flavouring, Gelling Agent (Pectin), Yogurt Cultures (MILK), Carrot Concentrate, Stabiliser (Guar Gum), Lemon Juice Concentrate
Irish retailer evidence: SuperValu Ireland listing.
MILK PROTEIN (60%), COFFEE* (20%), SKIMMED MILK (19%) Stabilisers: Sodium Carbonates, Potassium Phosphates; Lactase, Sweeteners: Acesulfame K, Sucralose
Irish retailer evidence: Aldi Ireland listing.
SKIMMED MILK (92%), MILK PROTEIN (4%), Skimmed Milk Powder, Fat Reduced Cocoa Powder*, Stabilisers: Cellulose, Cellulose Gum, Carrageenan; Natural Flavouring, Corn Flour, Acidity Regulator: Sodium Phosphates; Sweeteners: Acesulfame K, Sucralose.
Irish retailer evidence: Aldi Ireland listing.
Water, Pea Protein, Faba Bean Protein, Tapioca Starch, Rapeseed Oil, Coconut MILK Powder, Cocoa Powder (1.2%), Ground Flaxseed, Natural Flavourings, Coconut Sugar, Micronutrient Blend (Minerals (Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Copper, Zinc, Lodine, Chromium), Vitamins (C, K, E, A, Niacin, D, B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, B6, B2, B1, Folate), Choline), Flaxseed Oil Powder, Soluble Vegetable Fibre (Chicory, Corn), Hemp Seed Protein, Medium Chain Triglyceride Powder (from Coconut), Emulsifier: Sunflower Lecithin, Sea Salt, Green Tea Extract, Sweeteners: Steviol Glycosides from Stevia, Thickener: Gellan Gum
Irish retailer evidence: SuperValu Ireland listing.
Skimmed Milk Concentrate, Skimmed Milk Powder, Modified Starch, Banana Powder (0.2%), Maltodextrin, Flavouring, Sweetener: Sucralose, Colour: Carotene.
Irish retailer evidence: Lidl Ireland - confirmed in store by the founder, October 2026.
Wholegrain Rolled Oats (72%), Sugar, Milk Protein (with sunflower lecithin), Natural Flavourings.
Irish retailer evidence: Tesco Ireland listing.
Oat Flakes, Sugar, Pea Protein Isolate, Rapeseed Oil, Oat Bran, PUMPKIN SEEDS (3%), SWEETENED DRIED CRANBERRIES (3%) (Cranberries, Sugar), Pea Protein Concentrate, Coconut, FREEZE DRIED BERRIES (1.5%) (Redcurrants, Strawberry, Blackberries), Tapioca Starch, Dried Apple, Sweetened Dried Blueberries (Blueberries, Sugar), Flavouring.
Irish retailer evidence: Aldi Ireland listing.
Oat Flakes, Wheat Protein Crisp (13%) [Wheat Protein, Wheat Flour], Sugar, Soya Nuggets (6%) [Soya Protein Isolate, Tapioca Starch, Salt], Sunflower Oil, Multigrain Flakes [Corn Flakes, Spelt Flakes (Wheat), Rice Flakes, Sugar, Barley Malt Extract, Salt, Emulsifier (Lecithins)], Toasted Soya Flakes (3%), Glucose Syrup, Pumpkin Seeds, Honey, Flavouring, Caramelised Sugar, Antioxidant (Tocopherol-Rich Extract).
Irish retailer evidence: Tesco Ireland listing.
Earlier check, 10 October 2026: the original 83-record Open Food Facts sample scored 76 products Level 4. Download the dated archive (JSON). Its selection differs from this refresh; these are separate samples, not a trend.
For the separate UK dataset, see UK protein products and ultra-processing: Open Food Facts records, category matching and selection limits.
More of our research, including the separate Christmas and January food processing study.
Turn the pack over
Eight selected examples show why a protein claim cannot tell you the processing level. These are ingredient comparisons, not a ranking of which food to buy. The examples and the study use separate selection rules; examples may also appear in the study.
Results use the app's method (NNF_RUBRIC 1.4.0), Ingredient declarations are from Open Food Facts and Irish retailer pages; the check date is shown on each example. Every example has Irish retailer evidence. Recipes and availability change: check the pack in front of you.
Recorded reasons: Added culinary ingredient.
Gluten free oats (65%), soy protein powder (11%), chia (Salvia hispanica) seeds (10%), coconut palm sugar, cocoa powder (2%), chocolate drops (cocoa mass, raw cane sugar, cocoa butter). Cocoa chocolate drops contains cocoa solids 72% minimum. May contain sesame seeds, mustard and nuts.
Ingredients: Open Food Facts record (checked 2026-10-10). Open Food Facts' own NOVA group: 3. Photo: Open Food Facts contributors, CC BY-SA 3.0, cropped. Irish availability: Tesco Ireland product listing.
Recorded reasons: Milk ingredient, Emulsifier, Flavouring.
Wholegrain Rolled Oats (72%), Sugar, Milk Protein (with sunflower lecithin), Natural Flavourings.
Ingredients: Open Food Facts record (checked 2026-10-13). Pack photo: Tesco Ireland; packaging may change. Irish availability: Tesco Ireland product listing.
Recorded reasons: Added culinary ingredient.
Gluten Free Oats (53%). Almonds (23%). Date Syrup, Almond Butter (4.6%), Coconut Sugar, Pumpkin Seeds, Sunflower Seeds, Brown Rice Syrup. Quinoa, Rapeseed Oil, Salt.
Ingredients: Open Food Facts record (checked 2026-10-10). Open Food Facts' own NOVA group: 3. Photo: Open Food Facts contributors, CC BY-SA 3.0, cropped. Irish availability: Tesco Ireland product listing.
Recorded reasons: Protein isolate, Emulsifier, Industrial sugar, Flavouring.
Oat Flakes, Wheat Protein Crisp (13%) [Wheat Protein, Wheat Flour], Sugar, Soya Nuggets (6%) [Soya Protein Isolate, Tapioca Starch, Salt], Sunflower Oil, Multigrain Flakes [Corn Flakes, Spelt Flakes (Wheat), Rice Flakes, Sugar, Barley Malt Extract, Salt, Emulsifier (Lecithins)], Toasted Soya Flakes (3%), Glucose Syrup, Pumpkin Seeds, Honey, Flavouring, Caramelised Sugar, Antioxidant (Tocopherol-Rich Extract).
Ingredients: Open Food Facts record (checked 2026-10-13). Pack photo: Tesco Ireland; packaging may change. Irish availability: Tesco Ireland product listing.
Recorded reasons: No industrial formulation markers found.
Skimmed Milk, Cultures (Lactobacillus Bulgaricus, Streptococcus Thermophilus, Lactobacillus Rhamnosus)
Ingredients: Irish retailer product page (checked 2026-10-13). Pack photo: Tesco Ireland; packaging may change. Irish availability: Tesco Ireland product listing.
Recorded reasons: Flavouring, Thickener, Stabiliser.
Strained Yogurt (86%) [Skimmed MILK, Cultures (L. Bulgaricus, S. Thermophilus, L. Rhamnosus)], Vanilla (13%) [Sugar, Natural Flavouring, Gelling Agent: Pectin, Stabiliser: Guar Gum, Lemon Juice Concentrate, Vanilla Pods]
Ingredients: Irish retailer product page (checked 2026-10-13). Pack photo: SuperValu Ireland; packaging may change. Irish availability: SuperValu Ireland product listing.
Recorded reasons: Flavouring, Thickener, Stabiliser.
Skimmed MILK, Sugar, Strawberries (2%), Strawberry Juice Concentrate, Flavouring, Gelling Agent (Pectin), Yogurt Cultures (MILK), Carrot Concentrate, Stabiliser (Guar Gum), Lemon Juice Concentrate
Ingredients: Irish retailer product page (checked 2026-10-13). Pack photo: SuperValu Ireland; packaging may change. Irish availability: SuperValu Ireland product listing.
Recorded reasons: Sweetener, Emulsifier, Flavouring, Milk ingredient, Bulking agent, Humectant.
White chocolate with sweetener (25.5%) (sweetener [maltitol], cocoa butter, whole milk powder, emulsifier [soya lecithins], natural vanilla flavouring), milk protein, caramel flavour layer (14.5%) (bulking agent [polydextrose], soya oil, milk protein, skimmed milk powder, sweeteners [xylitol, sucralose], hydrolysed collagen, emulsifier [soya lecithins], salt, humectant [glycerol flavourings], hydrolysed collagen, humectant [glycerol], soya crispies [soya protein, tapioca starch, salt], soluble corn fibre, cocoa flavoured soya crispies [soya protein, fat reduced cocoa powder, tapioca starch], soya oil, flavourings, salt, natural flavourings, vitamins [vitamins C, E, B6, B12, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, folic acid], sweetener [sucralose]).
Ingredients: Open Food Facts record (checked 2026-10-10). Open Food Facts' own NOVA group: 4. Photo: Open Food Facts contributors, CC BY-SA 3.0, cropped. Irish availability: Tesco Ireland product listing.
The evidence, with its limits
These studies use NOVA or study-specific diet classifications. They do not validate FoodSussed's separate Level system or assess the individual products in our ingredient-list check.
In Ireland's national adult nutrition survey (2008–10), ultra-processed foods and drinks made up about a third of adults' daily energy: 31.8% for men and 35.3% for women aged 18–64. These are historical figures, not a measure of what Ireland eats today. Mertens et al., 2022.
The newer survey, NANS II (2021–22), is available, but we did not find a comparable ultra-processed energy-share figure in its published summary. IUNA survey reports.
A 2024 BMJ review combined 45 pooled analyses of observational studies. Greater ultra-processed food exposure was associated with poorer health outcomes. For cardiovascular mortality, the risk ratio was 1.50, with GRADE certainty rated very low. That is an association, not proof that processing caused the outcome. Lane et al., 2024.
In 2019, 20 adults stayed in a research unit and received each diet for two weeks, in random order. They ate about 500 more calories a day on the ultra-processed diet and gained weight, while losing weight on the unprocessed diet. These results concern the tested diets over two weeks, not every processed food or long-term disease. Hall et al., 2019.
Processing isn't the whole story. Even experts don't always agree on which group a food belongs to (Braesco, 2022), and classification systems can miss foods with real nutritional value (Bleiweiss-Sande, 2019). That's why FoodSussed shows the reasons behind every Level, never calls a food good or bad, and why we're inviting independent experts to check our method.
Before you decide
The protein bar in our examples, Fulfil White Chocolate & Cookie Dough, is Level 4 (ultra-processed) in FoodSussed because its ingredients include sweeteners, an emulsifier, flavourings, a bulking agent and a humectant. In our wider check, 26 of 26 selected protein bars and snacks were Level 4. Other bars can differ, so check the list on the pack: the level comes from the ingredients, not the protein figure on the front.
It depends on the ingredients. Glenisk Fat Free Protein Yoghurt Natural 500G lists only skimmed milk and cultures and is Level 1. Glenisk High Protein Vanilla Strained Irish Yogurt lists flavouring, a thickener and a stabiliser, which put it at Level 4 in FoodSussed. In our wider check, 32 of 34 selected protein yoghurts, pots and puddings were Level 4.
Processed foods (Level 3) are made by steps such as preserving or fermenting, or by adding salt, sugar or oil. Ultra-processed foods (Level 4) are made with ingredients such as flavourings, sweeteners or emulsifiers. For Flahavan's High Protein Porridge Oats Pot Vanilla, the Level 4 markers include milk protein, sunflower lecithin and flavouring.
No. The level describes how processed a food is, estimated from its ingredients. It is not a health score and it does not measure calories, protein, sugar or salt. Read it alongside the nutrition panel.
General information, not medical or dietary advice. Product declarations are attributed to their linked sources; Open Food Facts contributions are under the Open Database Licence. FoodSussed results are estimates from the ingredient list.